Nursing Care Plan for Pyelonephritis Essay Example

Nursing Care Plan for Pyelonephritis Paper Cues Nursing diagnosis Nursing objective Planning Nursing intervention Rationale Subjective Cues: â€Å"Nahihirapa n akong umihi,, madalas sya pero pakonti konti lang  » as verbalized by the client. Objective Cues: ? Distended abdomen ? Frequency ? Hesitancy T-38. 3 P-105Bpm R-24 bpm BP-130/90 mmHg Impaired Urinary Elimination r/t Inflammatio n of bladder mucosa As evidence by the objective cues. __________ _ Scientific Explanation : Disturbance in urine elimination. After 8 hrs of nursing interventio n the client will be able to portray and verbalize improve urinary elimination pattern. Plan of care to meet the desired outcome for the client. ?Make a teaching plan appropriate for the clients condition. ?. Determine clients previous pattern of elimination and compare with current situation. Note reports of frequency, urgency, burning, incontinence, nocturia, enuresis. ?Palpate bladder ? Determine clients usual daily fluid intake(both amount, beverage choice and use of caffeine), n ote conditions of skin, mucus membrane and color of urine. ?Encourage fluid intake up to 3000- 4000 ml per day including cranberry juice. Instruct the client to void every 2-3 hours during the day and completely empty the bladder. ?To assess degree of interference or disability. ?To assess retention ? To determine level of hydration. ?To help maintain renal function, prevent infection and formation of urinary stones ? This prevents over distention of the bladder and compromised blood supply to the bladder wall. †¢ Evaluation †¢ After 8 hrs of nursing intervention the client was able to portray and verbalize improved urinary elimination pattern. C u e s Nur sing diag nosi s Nu rsi ng obj ect ive Pla nni ng Nursing intervention Rationale E v al u a ti o n ?Instruct the client to keep the perineal area clean and dry. ?Teach the client how to do kegel exercise and its importance. ?Teach clients to avoid intake of caffeine, alcohol, colas, and artificial sweeteners. ?Provide privacy for the client upon voiding. ?Provide sensory stimuli that may help the client relax. Pour warm water over the perineum of a female or have the client sit in a warm bath. U can also apply a hot water bottle to the lower abdomen. Turn on running water within the hearing distance of the client to stimulate the voiding reflex. ?. To reduce the risk for further skin infection and skin breakdown ? To strengthen the perineal muscle. ?These are bladder irritants that may increase incontinence. ?Many people cannot void in the presence of another person. ?These promote muscle relaxation. ?Helps facilitate easier voiding. Cues Nursing diagnosis Nursing objective Planning Nursing intervent ion Rationale Subjective: â€Å"Nung nkraang lingo pa masakit ang tagiliran ko† as verbalized by the client. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Care Plan for Pyelonephritis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Care Plan for Pyelonephritis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Care Plan for Pyelonephritis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Objective: ? Very severe painClient rate her pain as 8 from the range of 110(Having the rate of 10 as the most painful and 1 as the least painful) ? Guarding behavior ? Facial mask of pain ? Diaphoresis T-38. 3 P-105 Bpm R-24 bpm BP-130/90 mmHg Acute pain r/t Acute inflammation of renal tissues as evidenced by verbal reports of pain,guarding behavior and diaphoresis. _______________ Scientific Explanation Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience arising from actual or potential tissue damage. It is a sudden onset of any intensity from mild to severe with duration of less than 6 months. After 4 hrs of nursing intervent ion the client will be able to verbalize relief of pain from the rate of 8 to at least less than the rate of 4. ?Plan techniques in which the clients level of pain will be alleviated primarily by using of independent nursing interventions. ?Plan with the significant others to cooperate in the pain management program for the client. ?Gather materials that can be helpful in pain management. Perform a comprehensive assessment of pain to include location, characteristics, onset, duration, frequency, quality and severity as well as the precipitating factors ? Encourage patient to verbalize concerns. Actively listen to these concerns and provide support by acceptance, remaining with patient and giving appropriate information. ?Promote quiet environment. ?Identify all stressors and remove it if possible. ?To establish baseline data that will be useful in monitoring improvement in clients’ level of pain. ?Reduction of anxiety or fear that can promote relaxation and comfort. Comfort and quiet environment promote relaxed feeling and permit the client to focus on the relaxation techniques rather than external distraction. ?To be able to lessen factors that could be an aggravating cause in clients’ pain. †¢ Evaluation: After 4 hrs of nursing intervention the client was able to verbalize relief of pain from the rate of 8 to the rate of 3. Cues Nurs ing diag nosis Nurs ing obje ctive Plan ning Nursing intervention Rationale Ev al ua tio n ?Encourage practice of diversional activities(watching TV, listening to music, reading magazines) ? Instruct comfort measures such as back rubbing and deep breathing exercise. ?Encourage adequate rest periods. ?To help client shift her focus of attention to other things. ?To reduce muscle tension and promote relaxation. ?To prevent fatigue and prevent further stimulation of pain. Dependent Nursing Management: ? Administer analgesics as prescribed. ?For immediate pain relief . DISCHARGE PLAN †¢ †¢ †¢ MEDICATION -Strict compliance to medication regimen -Antibiotics for 7 days (Ceftriaxone 10 mg) EXERCISE/ENVIRONMENT -instruct the client on ways hoe to maintain the cleanliness of her environment. TREATMENT -practice kegel exercise HEALTH TEACHING -Keep the genital area clean by wiping from front to back, it helps reduce the chance of introducing bacteria from the rectal area to the urethra. -Drink more fluid 64-128 ounces. This encourage frequent urination and flushes bacteria from the bladder. -Encourage proper food handling preparation. -Do handwashing before and after urinate. -Do not delay urination when it is necessary OUT PATIENT FOLLOW UP CARE -Instruct the patient to seek or return upon experience if any sign and symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, fever, painful urination. †¢ †¢

The 1920s essays

The 1920's essays The end of World War I brought about new political and sociological changes in America. Even more affected was America's way of conducting business. With the emergence of new technology came the need to market it, which brought these changes forward. Items such as the toaster, refrigerator and the ever-popular radio helped to shape the business industry. The demands for new technology also introduced buyer credit, which allowed the consumer to buy now and pay later. This was also known as the installment plan, a way of paying for a product over an extended period of time. Many economists were skeptical of this plan however, as it made it easy to purchase a large amount of goods and not have to pay thus lowering the purchaser's credit because of non-existent funds. Advertising also flourished due to the new products available to Americans. Advertisers hired psychologists to study what techniques were more effective on the consumer. They paid close attention to details such as colors and package size, how Americans perceived what youth and beauty were, and what could bring them greater wealth and better health. Slogans such as "Say it with flowers" and "Reach for a Lucky instead of a sweet" helped to boost product sales and familiarize people with brand names. The new attitude among consumers in America was "luxury is necessity" and it showed through their spending habits. This great flourish in business could only come to an end as Americans grew deeper in debt with the introduction of the installment plan. The prosperity of the 1920's was short lived however, as the stock market crash of 1929 and the ever-growing debt of Americans gave birth to the Great Depression. ...

Proposal Background and Problem Statement Research Paper

Proposal Background and Problem Statement - Research Paper Example The practice is also suspected in the technology industry where manufacturers are suspected of producing all forms of viruses and harmful programs only to produce anti-viruses to be bought and used in treating the problems caused by the viruses. In the pharmaceutical industry, the phenomenon is referred to as disease mongering. This research shall look into various ways through which diseases are intentionally or unintentionally transfer from pharmacists and other health practitioners to patients and later taken advantage of because of the need for patients to seek cure to these diseases. Aims and Objectives This research proposal has an aim of identifying the relationship that exists between the drug manufacturing companies and diseases. To achieve this, the following specific objectives have been set. 1. To find out some of the intentional and unintentional ways through which diseases are manufactured in the laboratory. 2. To establish how disease hyping has been used as a trade st rategy for the sale of medicines. 3. To find the place of federal laws in fighting against any unfair deals associated with disease mongering. 4. To ascertain whether people are being made to invest excessively more on their health than their health risk actually demands. Significance of the Study The completion of this study is of significant important to a multi-dimensional group of persons. In the first place, the pharmaceutical industry shall be made aware of some of their practices that lead to the spread and outbreak of diseases and how these can be contained. Again, the public shall be educated on some of the unacceptable means by which the pharmaceutical industry extorts their monies and thus the need to be highly mindful of their health budgets, especially towards promoted diseases. Finally, this research shall seek to protect human health against some common health sector practices such as the exposure to radiations and administration of certain medicines that go long ways to affect the health of people. Research Questions 1. In what ways does the pharmaceutical industry use corruptible means to extort monies from the public through the manufacture of diseases? 2. Are there laws that check the occurrence of disease mongering in our society? 3. Is there enough education for the public on how to guard themselves against practices of the health sector that promote diseases? 4. In what ways can the public different between a genuine campaign against diseases and one that only seeks to hype diseases for selfish gains? Limitations This research shall face a number of limitations in its conduct. For instance the pharmaceutical industry, which is under scrutiny here, may not be very willing to be co-operative with the researchers in finding facts and data on the problem of disease mongering. This is highly anticipated as the research seeks to expose certain corrupt practices associated with disease mongering. The researchers also face a limitation of carryin g out the most rightly prescribed information to the general public. This point is made against the backdrop that readers may be ill-informed to assume that all forms of medical campaigns against diseases constitute disease mongering and so they must always brush such campaigns aside. If this happens, the aim of the research will be defeated because the research seek